Architecture in India is slowly embracing eco-friendly techniques to revolutionise the construction industry. The continuous change in climate due to overexploitation of resources drastically impacts lives. The increase in population has led to several changes in our ecosystem. The construction industry introduced modern materials and technologies to provide affordable shelter at low maintenance prices. However, such buildings rely mainly on artificial lighting and mechanical cooling. This adds load to both our planet and pocket. To avoid this, we can switch to some of the listed architectural designs that will help construct sustainable and green homes.

Plastic composites

Materials such as plastic and vinyl are recycled and mixed with polyurethane-based binders to make plastic composite panels. These composites have a long life and require low maintenance. This can be used in roofing, flooring, and structural sheathing in residential construction. At present, bioplastics and biocomposites are also in high demand. This practice is beneficial in recycling and reducing trash.

Structural Insulated Panels (SIP)

SIPs are engineered panels mainly used to construct walls, ceilings, and floors. They are durable and energy-efficient options. The panels are made up of foam insulations sandwiched between two sheets of Oriented Strand Cardboard (OSB). They can handle live loads of upto 70 pounds per sq ft and dead loads of 10 pounds per sq ft.

Cellulose insulation

Cellulose insulation is composed of recycled paper content and is crucial for the construction of eco-friendly buildings. This green alternative is inexpensive to fibreglass as it has a higher insulation capacity. It is a perfect solution for improving a building's soundproofing. Installing thick cellulose insulation provides quieter living space.

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Rammed earth structures

Rammed earth structures are an alternative to the traditional concrete based brick work. It is mainly composed of clay, gravel, dirt, and lime. These earthen structures act as thermal storage, reduce noise, are pest and fire proof. They are strong and durable structures with lower maintenance. It has a low carbon footprint and helps recycle waste materials extracted from quarries. These non polluting and non toxic organic structures are harvested locally and are highly comfortable for residential and commercial buildings.

Grasscrete

Grasscrete is an environment-friendly option with a concrete grass paving area where natural grass can be grown. It is manufactured by pouring concrete over styrene void formers. The permeable surface of grasscrete can be used as a stabilisation product in areas that experience seasonal soil erosion. It also decreases overall concrete usage and enhances stormwater absorption and drainage. 

These eco-friendly and sustainable architectural techniques make the optimum use of resources with energy-efficient measures. There are other green techniques also gaining popularity in construction, such as engineered wood, straw bale, and bamboo. The idea behind these methodologies is to help create a sustainable planet for the generations to come.